In F.lux

If you, like 40% of Americans, sometimes have trouble falling asleep, consider blaming your computer.

Turns out, melatonin (the sleep hormone) is largely regulated by blue light. That makes evolutionary sense, as the sun gives off blue light during the day, while the moon, and fire, both give off much redder light at night. So your body monitors blue light levels, emitting hormones accordingly, to create a circadian rhythm: tired at night and alert during the day.

Problem is, we screw with those signals on both ends: we spend too many of our waking hours inside, getting less blue light than we should; and then we spend much of our post-sunset evening in front of boxes like computer screens, getting too much blue light.

To fix the day side of things, you’d need to spend more time outdoors, with more of your skin exposed to the sun. Which, during the winter, probably entails moving to Hawaii.

But fixing the evening side of the equation is much easier: just download F.lux, a great little piece of freeware for Macs, PCs, and Linux.

In short, after sunset, f.lux changes the color temperature of your display, from its default 6500k (even bluer than the 5000k of daylight) to something between 2700k and 4200k (depending on whether the rest of your room’s lighting is tungsten, halogen, or fluorescent).

Give f.lux a whirl for a week. Though it may take a few days of adjustment – your screen will look awfully pink/orange to you at first – by week’s end, I’m betting you’ll have a tough time using your computer without it.

Obesity Explained

Over the past fifty years, Americans have gotten fatter and fatter. By now, some 63% of American adults are overweight, and 26.5% are obese.

Over the time we’ve fattened up, we’ve also been arguing about the cause. It’s dietary fat. It’s dietary carbohydrates. Etc., etc. By now, the story has changed so many times that most people have entirely given up on trying to follow along, retiring to a sort of nutritional relativism: it doesn’t matter what we do today, as, in ten years, we’ll probably be advised to do the exact opposite.

That’s not an unfair position, given that most of the research on both sides of any nutrition issue has tended to be pretty terrible. Our best young minds, and the lion’s share of our grant dollars, have gone to solving cancer and AIDS, not to resolving whether egg yolks are healthful or not. But, in the past five years or so, things have started to change. For whatever reason, the amount and quality of nutrition science research has gone up exponentially. Now, though public knowledge and opinion hasn’t caught up, we’re coming to a scientific picture of obesity as clear as that of any other well-studied biological process.

The rough shape of that consensus points to three main causes of the American (and global) obesity epidemic:

1. Toxic foods like wheat, fructose, and omega-6 fats. In excess, these make us fat and sick, yet they represent an increasing majority of our diet.

2. Deficiency of important micronutrients like choline and iodine. As more of our calories come from those nutritionally empty toxic foods, we end up micronutient deficient (several of which deficiencies lead to obesity directly), while also instinctively eating more to shore up those micronutrient levels (with such overeating leading to obesity, too).

3. Viruses like Adenovirus 36. While you can get fat pretty effectively with just the two steps above, you can do so even more quickly when infected with an obesity-causing virus; AD-36, for example, is found in obese children at rates four to five times children of healthy weight. Here, too, it’s a vicious cycle: toxic foods lead to gut permeability, and micronutrient deficiencies lead to a compromised immune system, both of which leave your body less able to fight off such an obesity infection.

And that’s it. Certainly, a slew of other factors play in, too (things like non-exercise activity thermogenesis). But those three factors explain the majority of the obesity problem. And, increasingly, it looks like they’re implicated in pretty much every other terrible thing that happens to us, from Alzheimers to acne, from cancer to cellulite.

Of course, agreeing on the problem and implementing a solution are completely different issues. Consider the AIDS epidemic, where, despite our strong understanding that sexually transmitted HIV infection is the primary cause of the spread of the disease, the global number of HIV cases continues to steadily climb. With obesity, too, I fear that even agreement among the science, nutrition, healthcare, and public policy crowds may nonetheless leave us far from effectively addressing the problem in the real world.

Still, it’s worth noting that we’re closing in on such consensus, even if a read through Shape or Men’s Fitness would give you no indication of that. As I said, I think we’re simply five to ten years off from popular opinion catching up to the emerging science.

But catch up it will. You heard it here first.

Multimedia

This month, I’m taking Self-Aggrandizement beyond mere words, and into the brave new world of multimedia. In particular, look shortly for:

– A new episode of the (long-hibernating) F. Scott & Friends Bourbon and Brylcreem Hour, with the inimitable Sarah Brown.

– A narrated slideshow version of my upcoming Paleo fitness talk, “Caveman Lessons on Performing Better, Living Longer, and Looking Good Naked.” (As it’s fairly long, I may be posting it in a couple of installments)

– A series of videos stemming from that talk. First up, one looking at how to sit better (so you can maintain something at least vaguely close to good posture while you’re at your desk or in a car), and another demonstrating three simple hip stretches you can do on your couch to conquer back and knee pain.

Stay tuned.

Walk the Talk

This Saturday (1/22), from 2-4pm, I’m giving a talk for the (700 member!) NYC Paleo Meetup (along with CrossFit NYC’s Communications Director and resident Paleo Diet expert Allison Bojarski) entitled:

Caveman Lessons on Performing Better, Living Longer, and Looking Good Naked.

As I just blogged about, the Paleo diet is getting all kinds of press these days. But the basic underlying hypothesis (we evolved for one set of conditions, yet currently live in another, which causes an array of health problems) dictates a much broader prescription than simply diet – from sleep schedule and stress management, to how we move, stretch, exercise, and play.

In particular, the talk explores three main questions:

– What is fitness, and how can we tell when we’re ‘in shape’?
– How fit were cavemen / hunter-gatherers, and how did they get that way?
– What does that mean we should do to be healthy and fit in today’s world?

The talk isn’t focused on CrossFit per se, but rather covers fitness in general, in a broad evolutionary context. Admission is $5 through the Paleo Meetup, but if you email me in advance, I can squeeze you in for free.

Pendulum Swings

Jess and I went to dinner on Friday with one of her friends – the beauty editor at a major women’s magazine – and her friend’s husband.

Somehow, the Paleo diet came up in conversation, which led Jess’ friend to exclaim how ‘hot’ Paleo is right now – several editors at the magazine had recently started following the diet.

And, indeed, she’s right. Paleo is blowing up. Earlier on Friday, I had lunch with two authors of new bestselling Paleo diet books, as well as the author of an upcoming (likely to also be a bestseller, I suspect) Paleo book, on camera for a Nightline piece about the Paleo life that should air in the next couple of weeks.

Seven years ago, when I started preaching the idea of eating and exercising in an evolution-inspired way, Paleo wasn’t big at all. In fact, it wasn’t just below the radar, it ran directly counter to mainstream nutrition advice: fat was the enemy, carbs the solution, end of story.

But now, it seems, the tide is turning. Dr. Walter Willett, for example, the Harvard Med School and Harvard School of Public Health nutrition guru, previously published books supporting the less fat, more carbs theory. Yet in an LA Times piece last month, he 180’s to say “fat is not the problem. If Americans could eliminate sugary beverages, potatoes, white bread, pasta, white rice and sugary snacks, we would wipe out almost all the problems we have with weight and diabetes and other metabolic diseases.”

I say: not so fast.

In his excellent In Defense of Food, journalist Michael Pollan coins the term ‘nutritionism’, for the common misconception that food is essentially a delivery system for specific nutrients, rather than something valuable as a whole. In the nutritionism approach, to which we collectively seem to subscribe here in the US, we pick out a few nutrients as good (omega 3’s), others as evil (trans-fats), and then build dietary recommendations – and food products – based on those nutrients.

Problem is, even simple foods are far more complex than we boil them down to be. Sure, there are the much-discussed macronutrients (fat, carbohydrates, and protein). And then there are the micronutrients we know about (vitamins, minerals). And then there are other micronutrients, which it seems we clearly don’t.

Pollan cites, for example, the problems with baby formula: children fed formula thrive far less than children fed breast milk. For the past five decades, major corporations have spent millions upon millions of dollars trying to figure out why, to better understand the nutritional breakdown of real breast milk, to isolate those missing micronutrients causing formula to fall short. Yet despite those efforts, the milk versus formula gap remains. Despite our best science, we still have no idea how to define – much less replicate – some of the crucial, health-promoting stuff in milk, much less in every other food that naturally exists.

Which is why I’m so concerned that the early mainstream embrace of Paleo thinking seems equally driven by such nutritionism.

First, that approach makes it too easy for the pendulum to over-swing in the new direction. The anti-carb lynch-mob mentality, for example, has led many people to conflate Paleo with Atkins. Yet the two approaches diverge substantially, especially when it comes to the Paleo diet’s focus on eating lots of fruits and vegetables, which I suspect drives many of the excellent health benefits that research on the diet has begun to highlight.

Similarly, I worry the nutritionism approach will also fail to exclude some of the most problematic foods. Recent research on Paleo eating, for example, has begun to show that the diet is hugely impactful in halting the progression of terrible autoimmune diseases like Parkinson’s and MS. A lot of that, I believe, stems from the reduced inflammatory load and substantially less gut-irritating (and therefore gut-permeability-causing) aspects of the diet, because excluding grains and legumes also excludes anti-nutrients like phytates and lectins. Yet most of the coverage I’ve seen of Paleo eating glosses over that point entirely. I’m sure it’s only a short matter of time until we see new and improved ‘Paleo friendly’ Snackwell cookies: now made with agave nectar and omega-3’s! They’ll taste like cardboard, and they’ll sell like wildfire, but they won’t pack any of the benefits of real Paleo food.

And, finally, I worry that the sudden popularization of Paleo eating will make the approach too much a ‘diet’ (something you do in a faddish way to lose some weight) and less an ongoing shift in lifestyle. The beauty of eating Paleo – or even just eating largely Paleo (for, perhaps, 80% of your meals) – is that it’s not overly restrictive, it’s not socially awkward, and it’s something that you can do indefinitely. More to the point, it’s something you need to do indefinitely, if you’d like to have a long and healthy and disease-free life. Much like, say, brushing your teeth, which you need to do for at least as long as you’d like to still have teeth.

Frankly, I hate the name Paleo diet. It’s a branding nightmare. It suggests crazy people who want to do weird re-enactments in loin cloths. It sounds like austere deprivation, and literally chest-banging machismo.

Instead, I think the Paleo crowd will fare better, will have a higher likelihood of getting the actually important ideas across to people in a real and sustainable way as the trend continues to grow, if we can boil it down in ways like John Durant does:

“Despite everything you’ve been taught,” he explains, “you are a wild animal. And you will be healthier when you start acting like one. Replicate the most beneficial aspects of living in the wild. Eat the foods humans have been eating for millions of years, move in the ways we are adapted to move, get some sun.”

I don’t think that sounds too crazy. But then again, I’ve long since drank the Kool-Aid. Or, rather, whatever equivalent beverage it was that cultish cavemen drank.

What’s Next: Body Hacking

Back in the fall of 2004, a British technology journalist named Danny O’Brien gave a talk entitled Life Hacks: Tech Secrets of Overprolific Alpha Geeks, and single-handedly launched the life hacking movement.

Life hacking was initially about the programming world – about using things like clever shell scripts and command line utilities to make coding easier – but the concept quickly expanded to the non-programming (though generally tech-savvy) internet at large. Soon, the term ‘life hack’ came to mean any clever, non-obvious way to solve an everyday problem. Like, for example, leaving an item you need to take to work tomorrow in front of the door the night before – you won’t miss it, because you’d otherwise have to step over it on the way out. Or, at a higher level, something like David Allen’s Getting Things Done time management system, which retrofits your humble to-do list to encompass tracking all the open commitments in your entire life.

Sites like Merlin Mann’s 43folders.com and Gawker Media’s Lifehacker.com sprung up to further / cash in on the life hack trend, as did dozens of books, conferences, and podcasts. But the apotheosis of life hacking was surely Tim Ferriss’ bestselling The 4-Hour Work Week: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich, which brought together basic productivity ideas (like time-boxing and the Pareto principle) with a step-by-step plan for small-scale internet entrepreneurship, to the ostensible end of making every reader an independently wealthy, uber-efficient, world-traveling iconoclast.

The book may have fallen short of that goal, but the hype never did, largely due to Tim himself. The man, whatever else people may think of him, is a marketing genius. So I’m not surprised that his next book, the shortly upcoming The 4 Hour Body is on trend with its new body hacking angle.

But I’m getting ahead of myself.

Anyway, it’s 2004 and 2005, the life hacking world is cranking ahead, and geeks and tech-dorks of all stripes are more productive (or, as was joked, at least more theoretically productive) than ever. They have a sense of boundless power – figure out the tricks, and you’re made! And, at the same time, per usual, they’re not getting laid.

Enter Neil Strauss (and with him, Mystery), via The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists. And lo! It’s their own story! A dorky guy who’s terrible with women, who learns the hacks, the tricks, the secret moves, and suddenly he’s up to his neck (and perhaps other parts) in ladies.

It’s life hacking all over again. Think of it as sex hacking.

Of course, like life hacking, it had its own problems.

Life hacking was ostensibly a way to allow people to do ‘thought work’ more creatively, by keeping them from getting swamped by the mundane detail of their lives. Yet constantly tweaking and hacking the hacks becomes an awfully effective form of procrastination, and a particularly good way to never quite make it to the creative thought work after all. For too many people, it was less Getting Things Done, and more Getting Things Overly Organized in a Interconnected Array of Complex Lists.

Similarly, while the young pick-up artists (or PUAs) devoted to Strauss and The Game quickly developed a ruthless, video-game efficiency at ‘scoring’ with the ladies, most still had no idea what to do next. They couldn’t quite swing the dynamics of a real relationship, and were as lonely and unhappy as before, albeit now with wildly more exciting STDs.

Still, victory! Or as close as could be hacked. Yet things seemed to be falling apart at a most fundamental level. Our life hacking sex hackers pushed into their 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s. They had back pain and knee pain and shoulder pain. Their mid-section bulges continued to expand. Their parents looked even worse. Their mortality, in the form of an ever-increasing stream of alarming news coverage (like the New England Journal of Medicine‘s “this generation could be the first in the history of the United States to live less healthful and shorter lives than their parents”), smacked them in the face.

Couldn’t that hacking savvy, that shortcut-focused, outside-the-box, cleverer-than-the-mainstream thinking, apply to our bodies, too?

Indeed. Enter Ferriss, on point as always, with the upcoming 4-Hour Body. In it, he assures us, you’ll learn:

* How to prevent fat gain while bingeing (X-mas, holidays, weekends)
* How to increase fat-loss 300% with a few bags of ice
* How Tim gained 34 pounds of muscle in 28 days, without steroids, and in four hours of total gym time
* How to reverse “permanent” injuries
* How to add 150+ pounds to your lifts in 6 months

Etc., etc., etc. Whole new vistas of hackery, yet still firmly rooted in the life hacking (note that the four-hour gimmick remains) and sex hacking (with chapters like ‘How to produce 15-minute female orgasms’ and ‘How to triple testosterone and double sperm count’) worlds.

The difference is, in this case, many of the hacks might actually live up to their billing.

In the creative thought-work realm that life hacking addresses, there isn’t an array of powerful secrets, there’s just a single unfortunate truth: making interesting things is hard and painful and it sucks and none of us wants to do it (and god knows I can find cleverer ways to avoid it than most), but eventually work gets done by actually doing it, and sooner or later you’ve got to suck it the fuck up and get down to that work.

And, in the love realm that sex hacking ostensibly addresses, there isn’t a simple secret either. Women don’t just appear strange and mystifying, they are strange and mystifying. They’re full of more thoughts and concerns and desires and neuroses than our simple guy brains can usually even comprehend, much less boil down to ‘up up down down left right left right B A select start’ secret codes.

But in the realm of health, the problem actually is extraordinarily simple, and easy to address: we’re meant to be wild animals; instead, we’ve entirely domesticated ourselves. We’re zoo animals, and we have all the same problems that other zoo animals have as compared to their counterparts in the wild.

We’ve avoided this insight for a very long time, in a slew of different ways. For a while, we thought technology would save us. Advances in modern medicine would cure cancer before the cigarettes killed us. The nanobots would repair us at a cellular level, extending our lives indefinitely. We’d reach Kurzweil’s Singularity, transcending biology entirely. But, like jet-packs, flying cars, and intelligent robots, those miracles seemed to always be just a bit further than expected down the line.

So we thought small and concrete, and we listened to what the health experts told us. We cut our fat intake (30% less as a country than we ate 30 years ago) and we ate more fiber. We took statins and we took the stairs. And in the end, we’re fatter than we’ve ever been. We have more Type II Diabetes, more heart attacks, more Metabolic Syndrome.

So, it turns out, the experts suck. There’s vast room for improvement. And there are endless interpretations of the simple ‘be a wild animal not a zoo animal’ solution that we’ve so long ignored, especially when that idea is put through the empirical wringer of even “n=1” self-experimentation.

Which, basically, is Ferriss’ new book in a nutshell. And, as a result, I suspect it will do very well. As will, for example, John Durant‘s upcoming book, a slightly different lifestyle / fitness book to be published by the same Random House / Crown imprint. And, in their wake, I think we’ll see a fast-increasing tide of body hacking content, of mainstream interest in finding smarter, more efficient, more effective ways to be and feel healthy.

Which is to say, body hacking: it’s the next big thing. You heard it here first.

Blue Plate Special

If the Mobile Chicken Sex post left you wanting to join CrossFit NYC, here’s your chance to do it on the cheap:

CFNYC is Bloomspot’s deal of the day until Wednesday at Midnight. One offer is already sold out, but the other has a few slots left, and will get you up and running with CrossFit at a substantial discount.

[Also, as many of you live outside of New York, and many more of you (including the New Yorkers) are far too busy and lazy to head to a gym either way, I’ve been experimenting with shooting iPhone videos to teach a few short workouts that you can do on your own, anywhere. They may fall short of the full CrossFit experience, though they also doubtless beat sitting on the couch as your ass slowly expands all winter long. Stay tuned.]

Mobile Chicken Sex

All chicks, male and female baby chickens, look more or less precisely the same. Yet the females grow into hens – able to lay eggs – while the males grow into roosters – no eggs, just lots of noise.

The brutal reality, then, is that breeders want to kill the roosters as young as possible, before wasting months of feed, space, and care on those unwanted birds.

Hence the chicken sexer: a professional able to divine the chicks’ genders at just a day old.

Apparently, however, chicken sexers can’t, by and large, explain how they know the gender. Instead, new chicken sexers learn their craft sitting at the side of an experienced sexer, watching the pro sort male and female, male and female, for months at a clip, until they, too, can reliably spot male or female themselves.

By now, after six years of owning CrossFit NYC, after having watched literally thousands of people learn perfect form on movements like the squat, pullup, and deadlift, I’ve begun to feel a bit like a chicken sexer of human movement.

I see someone come in the door of the gym, and even before they start working out, I can already tell that they have low back pain or shoulder pain, that they have tight hip flexors or calves, that they’re unable to squat to full depth or lock a weight out overhead.

And, of course, I notice it outside the gym, too. The difference is, if I tell one of our members at CrossFit NYC that they might want to stretch their external hip rotators, they’re usually grateful for the insight. Whereas, if I inadvertently blurt out as much to someone in my apartment building’s elevator, I get looks that put me on par with Silence of the Lambs‘ Buffalo Bill.

Still, I can’t help it. The vast majority of rotator cuff tears, blown ACLs, replaced hips – the movement injuries of modern life – could be easily avoided, with just a little time and attention spent on fixing imbalances and dysfuction before they spiral all the way to breakdown.

If any of you want to dork out, I’m happy to recommend a dozen great books on the topic. But, for most people, I now have a far simpler, faster recommendation:

The Mobility Workout of the Day.

The site’s about two months old, started when Kelly Starrett, a doctor of physical therapy in San Francisco (as well as an owner of San Francisco Crossfit, a national champion whitewater rafter and kayaker, and a generally smart and excellent guy) started shooting short videos of himself with his new iPhone.

The premise is simple: prescribing ten minutes or less of guided, high-impact stretching each day.

Whether you’re an athlete looking to maximize performance, or just a desk jockey looking to make it through the work day without your back freezing up, the Mobility WOD is a great place to start.

Besides, it’s only ten minutes. Certainly, not permanently jacking yourself up should be worth that kind of investment, no?

If you’re feeling saucy, I’d recommend starting from the beginning, with the first post, as you’ll learn a huge amount from each one, though you can also safely jump in at pretty much any point.

Stretch it out! Or don’t. But then don’t complain to me when everything hurts.

Five Finger Discount

About a year ago, members started showing up at my gym wearing shoes like this:

vibram-five-fingers.jpg

And my first reaction was, these guys look like assholes.

But, over time, more and more members showed up wearing them.

At the same time, I kept coming across articles on the advantages of barefoot running technique. I bought and wore my way through a pair of Nike Frees. I started reading journal articles on the underlying science of shoe-less life. I even perused the website for those crazy shoes I kept seeing, the Vibram Five Fingers.

So, this past week, when City Sports put Vibrams on sale, I swooped in and picked up a pair. Or, rather, two pairs – the KSO I’d intended to buy, and a lighter weight, indoor-only pair of Mocs, because I knew I loved these crazy Five Finger things the moment I put them on.

So, yes, now I look like an asshole. But I promise you, if they ever come out with a line of pants, I’ll at least pass on those.